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Isotropic volumetric acquisition in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is often challenging. A large number of factors such as patient or physiological motion, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), available static magnetic field B0 and total scanning
time limit the [...]
This paper describes how to compile and use the Insight Toolkit Kinetic Analysis library (itk::ka), to perform analysis of dynamic medical images, along with a brief overview of the library source code. Supplied, are a set of interfaces to facilitate [...]
Dose Painting with a Variable Collimator for the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP)
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Published in The MIDAS Journal
The goal of radiation treatment is to irradiate cancer cells (i.e., a target region) without destroying adjacent healthy tissue. Thus, it is advantageous to form the beam so that it best approximates the target, thereby reducing the amount of dose absorbed in [...]
This document describes a new simple gradient descent optimizer which is a potential
replacement or supplement for RegularStepGradientDescentOptimizer. The optimizer requires only the gradient of the parameters and uses a simple linear model internally. [...]
Deformable Registration with Discontinuity Preservation using Multi-Scale MRF
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Deformable (2D or 3D) medical image registration is a challenging problem. Existing approaches assume that the underlying deformation is smooth. This smoothness assumption allows for solving the deformable registration at a coarse resolution and interpolate [...]
This document describes an ITK class implementing an Adaptive Moment Estimator (Adam) optimizer algorithm within the Insight Toolkit ITK www.itk.org. Adam is an adaptive gradient descent optimizer, which independently adaptively estimates the gradient descent [...]
Nonlinear optimization is a key component of many image registration algorithms. Improving registration speed is almost always desirable. One way to do this is to accelerate the optimization cost function using a parallel implementation. The purpose of this [...]
This document describes a new remote module implemented for the Insight Toolkit (ITK), itkBoneMorphometry. This module contains bone analysis filters that compute features from N-dimensional images that represent the internal architecture of bone. The [...]
Validation of real-time intensity based 2D/3D registration for image guided radiotherapy
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Patient motion during radiotherapy or intra-fractional motion, is one of the major sources of uncertainty in dose application. 2D/3D registration is an intensity based method used successfully to track tumor motion with the potential to reduce uncertainty. [...]
Giving streaming and multi-threading capabilities to non-streamable ITK filters
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
This document describes a filter able to give streaming and multi-threading capabilities to those filters that can not be easily streamed or multi-threaded. The goal of this document is to explain the implementation of this filter, and how it can be used to [...]
A Treatment Planning System for the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) based on 3D Slicer
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Published in The MIDAS Journal
This paper describes the software integration of a treatment planning system (TPS), based on the open-source 3D Slicer package, with the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP).The TPS is designed to enable researchers to replicate their clinical [...]
This document describes the implementation in ITK of the Straight Walk in a Triangulation algorithm proposed by Devillers et al. Using the exact discrete geometrical orientation predicate, and the itk::QuadEdgeMesh API of ITK, we propose an efficient [...]
Acquiring data sets for stereo or multi-view reconstruction with known ground truth is costly and time consuming. Freely available data sets mostly focus on specific scene conditions and might not reflect the intended application scenario. We propose a GPU [...]
When dealing with functional minimization, or maximization, it can sometimes be solved by a greedy algorithm. To implement greedy algorithm one needs priority queue container, i.e. get for a very low cost the lowest or highest element present in a sorted [...]
MR Parameter Map Suite: ITK Classes for Calculating Magnetic Resonance T2 and T1 Parameter Maps
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
This document describes a suite of new multi-threaded classes for calculating magnetic resonance (MR) T2 and T1 parameter maps implemented using the Insight Toolkit ITK (www.itk.org). Similar to MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR T2 and T1 parameter maps [...]
The emph{Delaunay triangulation} is the triangulation of a set of points which maximizes the minimum angle of all angles of the triangles, and thus triangle aspect ratios. So converting a non Delaunay triangulation into a Delaunay triangulation, emph{Delaunay [...]
Transitively Consistent and Unbiased Multi-Image Registration using Numerically Stable Transformation Synchronisation
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Transitive consistency of pairwise transformations is a desirable property of groupwise image registration procedures. The transformation synchronisation method (Bernard et al., 2015) is able to retrieve transitively consistent pairwise transformations from [...]
This paper describes the ITK implementation of a minimal path extraction framework based on Fast Marching arrival functions. The method requires the user to provide three inputs: 1. a meaningful speed function to generate an arrival function, 2. path [...]
This document describes a module for the Insight Toolkit (ITK) to assist in performance
benchmarking and a suite of benchmarks for the toolkit. These resources provide metrics to quantify
software computational performance. This is a pre-requisite to improve [...]
Binary morphological operations are fundamental tools in image processing but the processing time scales with the number of pixels thus making them expensive operations on the CPU for larger 3D datasets that typically appear in medical imaging. Since erosion [...]
Diffeomorphic Demons Using ITK's Finite Difference Solver Hierarchy
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
This article provides an implementation of our non-parametric diffeomorphic image registration algorithm generalizing Thirion's demons algorithm. Within the Insight Toolkit (ITK), the demons algorithm is implemented as part of the finite difference solver [...]
Kernel based filtering is one of the fundamental tools of image
analysis and processing. A number of approaches have been developed
over the years that allow efficient implementation of such filters
even when the kernel size is large. This article reviews [...]
An Optimized N-Dimensional Hough Filter for Detecting Spherical Image Objects
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
An Insight Toolkit (ITK) algorithm for detection of spherical objects using Hough methods with voting is presented in this paper. Currently, the usage of Hough methods for detecting linear and circular elements exists for 2D images in ITK. The current work [...]
An Open Source, Fast Ultrasound B-Mode Implementation for Commodity Hardware
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
This document describes an open source, high performance ultrasound B-Mode implementation based on the Insight Toolkit (ITK). ITK extensions are presented to calculate the radio-frequency (RF) signal envelope. A variety of 1D Fast Fourier Transform options [...]
BinShrink: A multi-resolution filter with cache efficient averaging.
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
We present a new filter for the Insight Toolkit (ITK) for reducing the resolution of an image by an integer factor while averaging called BinShrink. This filter provides a new level of performance to ITK for reducing resolution and noise present in an image. [...]
Radial Thickness Calculation and Visualization for Volumetric Layers
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
Volumetric layers often encountered in medical image analysis are characterized by double and nested bounding surfaces. The thickness of a volumetric layer at a point on the bounding surface is the distance from that point to the opposite surface. There exist [...]
This document describes an ITK implementation of an interactive method for tracing curvilinear structures.
The basic tools provided in this framework are an oriented flux-based tubularity measure and a geodesic path
tracer that uses the fast marching [...]
ly in ITK, the only way to find the contour of the objects in a binary image is to use the BinaryErodeImageFilter, with a kernel of radius 1. This filter is a generic filter, made to support any shape and size of structuring element, and thus is not optimized [...]
Efficient multithreading for manycore processor: Multidimensional domain decomposition using Intel® TBB
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
The Insight Toolkit (ITK) utilizes a generic design for image processing filters that allows many developers to rapidly implement new algorithms. While ITK filters benefit from a platform-independent and versatile multithreading capability, the current [...]
This document describes a new remote module implemented for the Insight Toolkit ITK, itkTextureFeatures. This module contains two texture analysis filters that are used to compute feature maps of N-Dimensional images using two well-known texture analysis [...]
ITK currently comes with a 2D binary thinning (skeletonisation) method, but does not support 3D or higher. This paper documents a new itkBinaryThinningImageFilter3D and recommends to rename the current filter as itkBinaryThinningImageFilter2D.
The 3D [...]
At the Johns Hopkins University’s Engineering Research Center for Computer-Integrated Surgical Systems and Technology (ERC-CISST) laboratory, we have designed and developed a platformindependent C++ software package, called the nArray library, that provides [...]
An ITK Implementation of the Symmetric Log-Domain Diffeomorphic Demons Algorithm
Published in The Insight Journal
Published in The Insight Journal
This article provides an implementation of the symmetric log-domain diffeomorphic image registration algorithm, or symmetric demons algorithm for short. It generalizes Thirion's demons and the diffeomorphic demons algorithm. The main practical advantages of [...]
Characterization of anatomical structure of the brain and effi cient algorithms for automatically analyzing brain MRI have gained an increasing interest in recent years. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that automatically segments the anatomical [...]
An entropy based multi-thresholding method for semi-automatic segmentation of liver tumors
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Published in The MIDAS Journal
Liver cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third most common cause of death
from cancer worldwide. A precise analysis of the lesions would help in the staging of the tumor and
in the evaluation of the possible applicable therapies. In [...]
